Nature Energy intl_tech D1

发布：2026-05-27 · 事件：2026-05-27

Subjects Devices for energy harvesting Solar cells Abstract Perovskite solar modules (PSMs) have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology due to their high efficiency, low fabrication cost and c...

Subjects Devices for energy harvesting Solar cells Abstract Perovskite solar modules (PSMs) have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology due to their high efficiency, low fabrication cost and compatibility with lightweight and flexible applications. However, ensuring long-term reliable performance under real-world conditions remains a critical barrier to commercialization. PSMs degrade through mechanisms that differ substantially from those affecting established technologies such as silicon, particularly under environmental stressors like ultraviolet light, oxygen, temperature cycling and reverse bias. Here we provide an analysis of the degradation pathways specific to perovskite modules and discuss why standard accelerated tests often fail to predict outdoor performance. We conceptualize challenges across material, device and module levels and evaluate strategies to mitigate ion migration, interfacial breakdown and encapsulation failure. By highlighting the need for realistic testing protocols and durable materials, we propose a framework highlighting key challenges, technological pathways and the trade-offs required to extend perovskite module lifetimes towards long-term operation, aiming to guide the development of PSMs capable of a 30-year operational lifetime. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution Access options Access through your institution Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription 27,99 € / 30 days cancel any time Learn more Subscribe to this journal Receive 12 digital issues and online access to articles 111,21 € per year only 9,27 € per issue Learn more Buy this article Purchase on SpringerLink Instant access to the full article PDF. 39,95 € Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout Fig. 1: Discrepancies between indoor testing and outdoor operation for PSCs and modules. The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI. Fig. 2: Illustration of the degradation modes of perovskites exposed to oxygen and blue light. The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI. Fig. 3: Design strategies to stabilize perovskite modules under thermal and chemical stress. The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI. Fig. 4: Illustration of degradation mechanisms under reverse bias and pinhole formation in PSCs. The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI. Fig. 5: Challenges and potential solutions for perovskite module durability. The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI. Similar content being viewed by others Regulating perovskite crystallization kinetics at laser scribe lines for efficient and stable perovskite modules Article Open access 20 February 2026 Manipulating the crystallization kinetics of halide perovskites for large-area solar modules Article Open access 23 July 2024 Synthetic routes to advancing perovskite solar cells through interface design Article 16 April 2026 References Green, M. A. et al. Solar cell efficiency tables (version 65). Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 33 , 3–15 (2025). Authoritative benchmark compiling certified efficiencies across PV technologies, defining the performance and credibility framework for perovskite photovoltaics. Article Google Scholar Wu, L. et al. Resilience pathways for halide perovskite photovoltaics under temperature cycling. Nat. Rev. Mater. 10 , 536–549 (2025). Article Google Scholar Yin, W.-J. et al. Unique properties of halide perovskites as possible origins of the superior solar cell performance. Adv. Mater. 26 , 4653–4658 (2014). Article Google Scholar Chen, B. et al. A critical review on the moisture stability of halide perovskite films and solar cells. Chem. Eng. J. 430 , 132701 (2022). Article Google Scholar Mosquera-Lois, I. et al. Multifaceted nature of defect tolerance in halide perovskites and emerging semiconductors. Nat. Rev. Chem. 9 , 287–304 (2025). Article Google Scholar Zhang, X. et al. Defect-healing in perovskite photovoltaics driving long-term reliability and performance. Adv. Funct. Mater. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202523417 (2025). Domanski, K. et al. Not all that glitters is gold: metal-migration-induced degradation in perovskite solar cells. ACS Nano 10 , 6306–6314 (2016). Article Google Scholar Zai, H. et al. Ion migration in halide perovskite solar cells: mechanism, characterization, impact and suppression. J. Energy Chem. 63 , 528–549 (2021). Article Google Scholar Jacobsson, T. J. et al. An open-access database and analysis tool for perovskite solar cells based on the FAIR data principles. Nat. Energy 7 , 107–115 (2022). Article Google Scholar Wohlgemuth, J. H. Photovoltaic Module Reliability (Wiley, 2020). Dou, B. D. et al. Commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics: recent progress and perspectives. MRS Bull. 49 , 1275–1283 (2024).