Nature Energy intl_tech D1

发布：2026-05-27 · 事件：2026-05-27

Subjects Energy modelling Sustainability Abstract Achieving global net-zero power systems by mid-century demands integrated frameworks addressing climate mitigation and energy access equity. Here we p...

Subjects Energy modelling Sustainability Abstract Achieving global net-zero power systems by mid-century demands integrated frameworks addressing climate mitigation and energy access equity. Here we present a spatio-temporally resolved global power system model (0.25° × 0.25°, 8,760 hours) co-optimizing capacity expansion and operational strategies. Findings show that net-zero global power systems meeting universal electricity needs for decent living standards are technically feasible, requiring 15–20 TW of variable renewable energy (VRE). Abundant VRE resources offer cost-effective electricity access in low-income regions, such as Africa, promoting climate justice. Land use is critical, with solar photovoltaics alone requiring over 9 million hectares. Over 80% of VRE is within 200 km of load centres. Demand-side management could reduce system costs by 6.5% ( ∼ US$182 billion yr −1 ). Expanding international transmission and removing renewable technology trade barriers could cut costs by 5.6% ( ∼ US$157 billion yr −1 ) and 12.2% ( ∼ US$345 billion yr −1 ), underscoring the pivotal role of international collaboration in building inclusive net-zero power systems. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution Access options Access through your institution Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription 27,99 € / 30 days cancel any time Learn more Subscribe to this journal Receive 12 digital issues and online access to articles 111,21 € per year only 9,27 € per issue Learn more Buy this article Purchase on SpringerLink Instant access to the full article PDF. 39,95 € Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout Fig. 1: Scenario framework and associated SCOE for net-zero power systems. The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI. Fig. 2: Key features of optimized net-zero power systems across scenarios. The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI. Fig. 3: Optimized deployment of variable renewable energy. The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI. Fig. 4: Cell-level installation factors for solar photovoltaic and wind power in the base scenario. The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI. Fig. 5: Results of installed firm generators and daily generation profile. The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI. Fig. 6: Results of long-distance transmission and energy storage. The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI. Fig. 7: Results of carbon capture and storage deployment, carbon abatement costs, and marginal carbon abatement cost. The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI. Fig. 8: Economic performance and revenue sufficiency in the mid-century power system. The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI. Similar content being viewed by others An all-Africa dataset of energy model “supply regions” for solar photovoltaic and wind power Article Open access 31 October 2022 Techno-economic and environmental assessment of a multi-storage hybrid renewable energy system for post-conflict urban electrification Article Open access 12 May 2026 Implications of intercontinental renewable electricity trade for energy systems and emissions Article 24 October 2022 Data availability All input data are referenced in the main text or supplementary information with corresponding citations or repository links. Underlying data for all figures are available via Github at https://github.com/mrziheng/NetZero2050 (ref. 97 ). Renewable energy resource potential data generated in this study—including installation capacity potential and annual average capacity factors for onshore wind, offshore wind, utility-scale solar PV and rooftop solar PV—are accessible via Github at https://github.com/mrziheng/GlobalRenewableEnergyResource (ref. 98 ). Linear programming solving files for the GISPO model base scenario are available via Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17618090 (ref. 99 ). Source data are provided with this paper. Code availability All Python scripts for figure generation in the main text, the GISPO model as an open-source Python package and the scenario-specific optimization scripts executing the GISPO model runs for this study are accessible via GitHub at https://github.com/mrziheng/NetZero2050 (ref. 97 ). References Davis, S. J. et al. Net-zero emissions energy systems. Science 360 , eaas9793 (2018). URL. Article Google Scholar World electricity final consumption by sector, 1974–2019. IEA https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/world-electricity-final-consumption-by-sector-1974-2019 (2021). Monthly electricity statistics. IEA https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/monthly-electricity-statistics (2024). De Vries, A. The growing energy footprint of a